More than 150 years ago, 12 representatives of amateur football clubs around London met in a pub called the Freemasons Arms in Covent Garden and decided to discuss a comprehensive idea about the rules of football. After a heated debate and perhaps interspersed serving alcoholic beverages, the modern game of football was born.12 representative then went on to form The Football Association, the football federation of the oldest in the world.Contributions football for sports and culture globally is very clear, but the contributions that have been given football in the field of architecture?Many people think that football does not create a sports stadium, but just bring it back. Thousands of years ago the Greeks and Romans built the colossal sports arena for a mass audience is an integral part of their social life.Until then there is the opinion that due to the meeting of 12 representatives of the club in Covent Garden on more than 150 years ago that is, the shape of a football stadium as we know it today was basically born and exported from the UK to various parts of the world, along with " the beauty of the game of football "itself.Here are six stadiums in England architectural evolution is a milestone in the history of football stadium building.
1. WEMBLEY STADIUM
Built: 1923 (rebuilt 2007)Ironically, the house "spiritual" is not related to football soccer when it was first built. Originally known as the Empire Stadium, it was built in just 12 months prepared to be the center of the British Empire Exhibition at the event from 1924 to 1925, the party that supposedly colonialism era until now regarded as the largest exhibition ever held in the face of the earth.
Location: London
Team: in / a
Architect: Sir John William Simpson / Maxwell Ayrton
Main Contractor: Sir Robert McAlpine
Cost: £ 750,000
Capacity: 127,000 (currently to 90,000)
Such as the Millennium Dome and the London Eye, the plan of the stadium will be demolished after the exhibition is over. But then happened "swap" ownership, which makes the stadium is projected to be a football stadium. Since then, Wembley has always hosted the FA Cup final match, home to the English National Team. And for millions of people around the world, he became a football icon.
Wembley is the first stadium to be associated with the term "sacred grass"; the largest stadium in the United Kingdom and the second largest in Europe. And at the inaugural FA Cup final in 1923, a world record highest number of spectators at the event's official sport, with an estimated more than 300,000 people present at the stadium.
After the event, to control the number of viewers in the next game, FA introduce a paid ticket for the first time. The twin towers of Wembley is also proof that football stadiums can have its own architectural identity. The stadium was transformed totally by Foster + Partners' in 2007, including eliminating the iconic twin towers nan.
2. DEEPDALE STADIUM
Built: 1875Deepdale Stadium is widely recognized as the oldest football stadium in the world still continue to be used. But this fact is often debated. "The main challengers" on pedikat elders are Bramall Lane in Sheffield. Bramall Lane was actually built 20 years earlier than Deepdale but was established as a cricket ground, not the football stadium.Undeterred, supporters Bramall sneering "disability" by saying that the land Deepdale stadium site was once used as a prisoner of war camp during the Second World War. Preston North Enders and replied that the prisoners of war also play football. But in essence, the stadium has been proved that the modern professional football and created in London, which is an industrial area of the northern region, with the working class has created the earliest form of football stadiums in the world of architecture.Currently, the four original tibun has been replaced by a modern structure. Deepdale is not the only entity innovations built in the city of Preston. Because other than that, Preston North End became one of the founding members of the Football League in 1888. And the first toll road in the United Kingdom, the Preston bypass, opened in the city in 1958.
Location: Preston
Team: Preston North End FC
Capacity: 24,500
3. WHITE CITY STADIUM
Built: 1906With the astounding capacity is 150,000 people, twice as many dai Old Trafford, for many years the White City Stadium became the largest stadium in the world. Amazing story in its development is evidence of intelligence and determination that characterized the Victorian and Edwardian era. The stadium was built in just 10 months, and was originally intended for the London Olympics 1908. But incredibly, the British Olympic Committee was able to convince the organizers of the Franco-British Exhibition that took place at the same time, to not just share the rights to use, but also to fund development so that a character multi-function venue is very thick on the proficiency level of the stadium building.As a result, during the years that followed, White City Stadium into a host for a number of sports events ranging from cycling, swimming and athletics to speedway racing, boxing and of course, football. However, innovations White City has also become the cause of his downfall. Because of its multifunctional, and plus the fact that there is no clear function of the post-Olympic stadium, also made sporadic use of his condition rapidly deteriorated. Its popularity continues to drop after the construction of Wembley as the national stadium. White City finally demolished in 1986, leaving no trace of anything other than his name into a small corner in West London.But despite all the physical footprint of the building has been destroyed, he left behind a legacy of historic architecture of the building greatly affect the world of sports. This is the first stadium in the world that is specifically built for the Olympics. He is also recognized as a multi-purpose stadium and multi-seater first in the world. Multi-function design White City has been adopted by many football stadiums around the world.
Location: London
Team: in / a
Architect: John James Webster
Main Contractor: George Wimpey
Cost: £ 80,000
Capacity: 150,000
4. HIGHFIELD ROAD STADIUM
Built: 1889
Location: Coventry
Team: Coventry City FC
Capacity: 23 489 (1995)
Highfield Road stadium was demolished in 2006 and has now been turned into a residential building. But even as "exiled" from history, Highfield Road a major contribution to English football by being the first stadium of standing terraces converted into all-seater stadium in 1981.All is an initiative of former Coventry manager at the time, Jimmy Hill, but challenged and amused the fans. In fact, supporters of Leeds United, who was then regarded as a symbol of football hooliganism 80s, reacted by destroying hundreds of stadium seats is only one month after it is installed. Not surprisingly, the innovation that was abandoned less than two years later, and standing terraces was again present. Until the end of the Hillsborough tragedy occurred in 1989 and was followed by the release of the Taylor Report which states that all-seater stadium is mandatory for all the top football clubs in the United Kingdom.Although some lament the loss of the atmosphere, there is currently a universal opinion that all-seater stadium is the safest way to accommodate the number of spectators who attended a football game at the stadium. Innovation committed Highfield Road may be short-lived, it contributed to the current safety standards commonly applied in the design of the stadium in the UK.
5. ETIHAD STADIUM
Built: 2002/2003
Location: Manchester
Team: Manchester City FC
Architect: Arup
Main Contractor: Laing
Cost: £ 112 million
Capacity: 47 805
The first new football stadium in the 21st century is the first representation of smart consolidation among financial aspects and the architecture of the two interests of different sports events. City of Manchester Stadium was built for the Commonwealth Games in 2002 and thereafter be converted into stables for Manchester City.
But most importantly, authentic athletic stadium is specifically designed to be converted into a soccer stadium after the Commonwealth Games in 2002, thus ensuring the transition of construction running fast, smooth and relatively cost-effective, as well as leave a good long-term legacy for the venue. Conversion section includes removing the athletics track, a decrease in the level of the playing surface to accommodate additional seating (capacity increased by about 10,000 people) and adds a number of recreational and entertainment facilities.
Currently Etihad Stadium is the eighth largest stadium in England. And as a modern sports stadium, also hosts a number of non-football events. The typical profile form 12 poles supported cable network system pull into a unique landmark, and reflects the style structural expressionism popular in contemporary stadium design, significantly different from most forms of football stadium in England.
6. OLYMPIC STADIUM
Built: 2011
Location: London
Team: West Ham FC (from 2016)
Architect: Populous
Main Contractor: Sir Robert McAlpine
Cost: £ 486 million
Capacity: 80,000 / 56,000
The first new football stadium in the 21st century is the first representation of smart consolidation among financial aspects and the architecture of the two interests of different sports events. City of Manchester Stadium was built for the Commonwealth Games in 2002 and thereafter be converted into stables for Manchester City.
But most importantly, authentic athletic stadium is specifically designed to be converted into a soccer stadium after the Commonwealth Games in 2002, thus ensuring the transition of construction running fast, smooth and relatively cost-effective, as well as leave a good long-term legacy for the venue. Conversion section includes removing the athletics track, a decrease in the level of the playing surface to accommodate additional seating (capacity increased by about 10,000 people) and adds a number of recreational and entertainment facilities.
Currently Etihad Stadium is the eighth largest stadium in England. And as a modern sports stadium, also hosts a number of non-football events. The typical profile form 12 poles supported cable network system pull into a unique landmark, and reflects the style structural expressionism popular in contemporary stadium design, significantly different from most forms of football stadium in England.
6. OLYMPIC STADIUM
Built: 2011
Location: London
Team: West Ham FC (from 2016)
Architect: Populous
Main Contractor: Sir Robert McAlpine
Cost: £ 486 million
Capacity: 80,000 / 56,000
Best football stadium in the Premiership will be opened when West Ham moved at the start of 2016-17 season. When London won the Olympic bid in 2012, the Olympic organizing body and athletic reluctant if the stadium is used for football, and initially refused to occupy the Premiership club after the Olympics. Despite the fact that realistically soccer is a sport that is able to bear the financial burden of the venue.Fortunately, the initial proposal to demolish two-thirds of the stadium and turn it into an athletic arena with a capacity of 25,000 people canceled, and the bidding process given to Tottenham and West Ham. Tottenham are interested in leveling the stadium and rebuild it without the athletics track. While West Ham on the other hand proposed a multi-purpose venue. West Ham also won the bid because it has a plan that matches the original vision venue.But despite presenting the most viable bid, West Ham would cost an extra £ 150m to convert the venue, almost four times more than the cost of conversion of Etihad Stadium. One of the major obstacles during the conversion process, is a classic question: whether a football stadium to accommodate athletics track without compromising the atmosphere?Until now it was unclear how West Ham will finish it. But what is clear is that when they finally moved, their new enclosure will represent the latest chapter in the evolution of 150 years of design football stadium in England.
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